Archaeological Perspectives on Hunter-Gatherer Landscapes and Resource Management in Interior North Norway
Edited by
Marianne Skandfer [+–]
Tromsø Museum – The University Museum, UIT – The Arctic University of Norway
Marianne Skandfer is Professor of Archaeology at The University Museum and Academy of Arts at UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø. Her research focuses on hunter-gatherer knowledge acquisition and transmission, specifically prehistoric technology transmission and resource management, including human-animal socialities. She has published several papers on, among other subjects, early ceramic technology, material culture and identity, and human-animal relations in northern, prehistoric, hunter-gatherer societies. She is currently primary investigator in a project looking at demography and settlement in Stone Age North Norway.
Hans Peter Blankholm [+–]
UiT – The Arctic University of Norway
Hans Peter Blankholm is Professor in archaeology at the Department of History and Religious Studies, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway. His research covers Stone Age archaeology of Scandinavia and analytical methodology relating to spatial analyses, GIS, remote sensing and predictive modelling. Blankholm is a member of the board for the Earth- and Environmental Sciences Division within the European Academy of Sciences, and a member of UISPP Commission IV.
Bryan C. Hood [+–]
UiT – the Arctic University of Norway
Bryan C. Hood is Professor in Archaeology at UiT- the Arctic University of Norway, with a focus on hunter-gatherer settlement and social organization in the circumpolar region. In addition to northern Norway, he has worked in the Arctic/Subarctic transition zone of northeastern Canada (Labrador), Greenland, Baffin Island and the Kola Peninsula in Russia. His research interests include the organization of lithic technology, shellfish procurement and archaeological research history. Currently, he is exploring the use of pXRF in characterizing the chert sources of northern Norway, as well as the use of incremental growth in marine shells for seasonality determination.
For a century, Stone Age research on the coast of north Norway has been influential on settlement studies in the larger region. Research on Stone Age and Sámi coastal sites has brought forward central debates in the general archaeology in Fennoscandia. Our knowledge of the inland has on the other hand, been week, geographically skewed towards the larger river valleys and exhibiting major chronological gaps, the reality of which was unknown. From 2008 to 2013 the LARM project (Landscape and Resource Management) was aimed at generating new archaeological knowledge of the inland and integrating it with old, mostly unpublished, data derived from hydroelectric development projects implemented in the 1970s and 1980s. This book is the result of that effort.
The book is framed conceptually by a general approach to hunter-gatherer landscape use. This is discussed also in relation to the transition from hunting to reindeer herding among the indigenous Sámi in the region under study. Sámi landscape practices and knowledge constitute an important baseline, with circumpolar perspectives integrated. The archaeological and historical data investigated in the book range from about 7500 BC until the Early Modern period (AD 1500-1700).
Table of Contents
Chapter 1
UiT – the Arctic University of Norway
Bryan C. Hood is Professor in Archaeology at UiT- the Arctic University of Norway, with a focus on hunter-gatherer settlement and social organization in the circumpolar region. In addition to northern Norway, he has worked in the Arctic/Subarctic transition zone of northeastern Canada (Labrador), Greenland, Baffin Island and the Kola Peninsula in Russia. His research interests include the organization of lithic technology, shellfish procurement and archaeological research history. Currently, he is exploring the use of pXRF in characterizing the chert sources of northern Norway, as well as the use of incremental growth in marine shells for seasonality determination.
Tromsø Museum – The University Museum, UIT – The Arctic University of Norway
Marianne Skandfer is Professor of Archaeology at The University Museum and Academy of Arts at UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø. Her research focuses on hunter-gatherer knowledge acquisition and transmission, specifically prehistoric technology transmission and resource management, including human-animal socialities. She has published several papers on, among other subjects, early ceramic technology, material culture and identity, and human-animal relations in northern, prehistoric, hunter-gatherer societies. She is currently primary investigator in a project looking at demography and settlement in Stone Age North Norway.
For a century, Stone Age research on the coast of north Norway has been influential on settlement studies in the larger region. Research on Stone Age and Sámi coastal sites has brought forward central debates in the general archaeology in Fennoscandia. Our knowledge of the inland has on the other hand, been week, geographically skewed towards the larger river valleys and exhibiting major chronological gaps, the reality of which was unknown. From 2008 to 2013 the LARM project (Landscape and Resource Management) was aimed at generating new archaeological knowledge of the inland and integrating it with old, mostly unpublished, data derived from hydroelectric development projects implemented in the 1970s and 1980s. This book is the result of that effort. The book is framed conceptually by a general approach to hunter-gatherer landscape use. This is discussed also in relation to the transition from hunting to reindeer herding among the indigenous Sámi in the region under study. Sámi landscape practices and knowledge constitute an important baseline, with circumpolar perspectives integrated. The archaeological and historical data investigated in the book range from about 7500 BC until the Early Modern period (AD 1500-1700).
Chapter 2
Tromsø Museum – The University Museum, UIT – The Arctic University of Norway
Marianne Skandfer is Professor of Archaeology at The University Museum and Academy of Arts at UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø. Her research focuses on hunter-gatherer knowledge acquisition and transmission, specifically prehistoric technology transmission and resource management, including human-animal socialities. She has published several papers on, among other subjects, early ceramic technology, material culture and identity, and human-animal relations in northern, prehistoric, hunter-gatherer societies. She is currently primary investigator in a project looking at demography and settlement in Stone Age North Norway.
For a century, Stone Age research on the coast of north Norway has been influential on settlement studies in the larger region. Research on Stone Age and Sámi coastal sites has brought forward central debates in the general archaeology in Fennoscandia. Our knowledge of the inland has on the other hand, been week, geographically skewed towards the larger river valleys and exhibiting major chronological gaps, the reality of which was unknown. From 2008 to 2013 the LARM project (Landscape and Resource Management) was aimed at generating new archaeological knowledge of the inland and integrating it with old, mostly unpublished, data derived from hydroelectric development projects implemented in the 1970s and 1980s. This book is the result of that effort. The book is framed conceptually by a general approach to hunter-gatherer landscape use. This is discussed also in relation to the transition from hunting to reindeer herding among the indigenous Sámi in the region under study. Sámi landscape practices and knowledge constitute an important baseline, with circumpolar perspectives integrated. The archaeological and historical data investigated in the book range from about 7500 BC until the Early Modern period (AD 1500-1700).
Chapter 3
Concepts and Methods [+–]
UiT – the Arctic University of Norway
Bryan C. Hood is Professor in Archaeology at UiT- the Arctic University of Norway, with a focus on hunter-gatherer settlement and social organization in the circumpolar region. In addition to northern Norway, he has worked in the Arctic/Subarctic transition zone of northeastern Canada (Labrador), Greenland, Baffin Island and the Kola Peninsula in Russia. His research interests include the organization of lithic technology, shellfish procurement and archaeological research history. Currently, he is exploring the use of pXRF in characterizing the chert sources of northern Norway, as well as the use of incremental growth in marine shells for seasonality determination.
Tromsø Museum – The University Museum, UIT – The Arctic University of Norway
Marianne Skandfer is Professor of Archaeology at The University Museum and Academy of Arts at UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø. Her research focuses on hunter-gatherer knowledge acquisition and transmission, specifically prehistoric technology transmission and resource management, including human-animal socialities. She has published several papers on, among other subjects, early ceramic technology, material culture and identity, and human-animal relations in northern, prehistoric, hunter-gatherer societies. She is currently primary investigator in a project looking at demography and settlement in Stone Age North Norway.
For a century, Stone Age research on the coast of north Norway has been influential on settlement studies in the larger region. Research on Stone Age and Sámi coastal sites has brought forward central debates in the general archaeology in Fennoscandia. Our knowledge of the inland has on the other hand, been week, geographically skewed towards the larger river valleys and exhibiting major chronological gaps, the reality of which was unknown. From 2008 to 2013 the LARM project (Landscape and Resource Management) was aimed at generating new archaeological knowledge of the inland and integrating it with old, mostly unpublished, data derived from hydroelectric development projects implemented in the 1970s and 1980s. This book is the result of that effort. The book is framed conceptually by a general approach to hunter-gatherer landscape use. This is discussed also in relation to the transition from hunting to reindeer herding among the indigenous Sámi in the region under study. Sámi landscape practices and knowledge constitute an important baseline, with circumpolar perspectives integrated. The archaeological and historical data investigated in the book range from about 7500 BC until the Early Modern period (AD 1500-1700).
Chapter 4
UiT – the Arctic University of Norway
Bryan C. Hood is Professor in Archaeology at UiT- the Arctic University of Norway, with a focus on hunter-gatherer settlement and social organization in the circumpolar region. In addition to northern Norway, he has worked in the Arctic/Subarctic transition zone of northeastern Canada (Labrador), Greenland, Baffin Island and the Kola Peninsula in Russia. His research interests include the organization of lithic technology, shellfish procurement and archaeological research history. Currently, he is exploring the use of pXRF in characterizing the chert sources of northern Norway, as well as the use of incremental growth in marine shells for seasonality determination.
Tromsø Museum – The University Museum, UIT – The Arctic University of Norway
Marianne Skandfer is Professor of Archaeology at The University Museum and Academy of Arts at UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø. Her research focuses on hunter-gatherer knowledge acquisition and transmission, specifically prehistoric technology transmission and resource management, including human-animal socialities. She has published several papers on, among other subjects, early ceramic technology, material culture and identity, and human-animal relations in northern, prehistoric, hunter-gatherer societies. She is currently primary investigator in a project looking at demography and settlement in Stone Age North Norway.
For a century, Stone Age research on the coast of north Norway has been influential on settlement studies in the larger region. Research on Stone Age and Sámi coastal sites has brought forward central debates in the general archaeology in Fennoscandia. Our knowledge of the inland has on the other hand, been week, geographically skewed towards the larger river valleys and exhibiting major chronological gaps, the reality of which was unknown. From 2008 to 2013 the LARM project (Landscape and Resource Management) was aimed at generating new archaeological knowledge of the inland and integrating it with old, mostly unpublished, data derived from hydroelectric development projects implemented in the 1970s and 1980s. This book is the result of that effort. The book is framed conceptually by a general approach to hunter-gatherer landscape use. This is discussed also in relation to the transition from hunting to reindeer herding among the indigenous Sámi in the region under study. Sámi landscape practices and knowledge constitute an important baseline, with circumpolar perspectives integrated. The archaeological and historical data investigated in the book range from about 7500 BC until the Early Modern period (AD 1500-1700).
Chapter 5
UiT – The Arctic University of Norway
Hans Peter Blankholm is Professor in archaeology at the Department of History and Religious Studies, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway. His research covers Stone Age archaeology of Scandinavia and analytical methodology relating to spatial analyses, GIS, remote sensing and predictive modelling. Blankholm is a member of the board for the Earth- and Environmental Sciences Division within the European Academy of Sciences, and a member of UISPP Commission IV.
UiT – the Arctic University of Norway
Bryan C. Hood is Professor in Archaeology at UiT- the Arctic University of Norway, with a focus on hunter-gatherer settlement and social organization in the circumpolar region. In addition to northern Norway, he has worked in the Arctic/Subarctic transition zone of northeastern Canada (Labrador), Greenland, Baffin Island and the Kola Peninsula in Russia. His research interests include the organization of lithic technology, shellfish procurement and archaeological research history. Currently, he is exploring the use of pXRF in characterizing the chert sources of northern Norway, as well as the use of incremental growth in marine shells for seasonality determination.
For a century, Stone Age research on the coast of north Norway has been influential on settlement studies in the larger region. Research on Stone Age and Sámi coastal sites has brought forward central debates in the general archaeology in Fennoscandia. Our knowledge of the inland has on the other hand, been week, geographically skewed towards the larger river valleys and exhibiting major chronological gaps, the reality of which was unknown. From 2008 to 2013 the LARM project (Landscape and Resource Management) was aimed at generating new archaeological knowledge of the inland and integrating it with old, mostly unpublished, data derived from hydroelectric development projects implemented in the 1970s and 1980s. This book is the result of that effort. The book is framed conceptually by a general approach to hunter-gatherer landscape use. This is discussed also in relation to the transition from hunting to reindeer herding among the indigenous Sámi in the region under study. Sámi landscape practices and knowledge constitute an important baseline, with circumpolar perspectives integrated. The archaeological and historical data investigated in the book range from about 7500 BC until the Early Modern period (AD 1500-1700).
Chapter 6
UiT – the Arctic University of Norway
Bryan C. Hood is Professor in Archaeology at UiT- the Arctic University of Norway, with a focus on hunter-gatherer settlement and social organization in the circumpolar region. In addition to northern Norway, he has worked in the Arctic/Subarctic transition zone of northeastern Canada (Labrador), Greenland, Baffin Island and the Kola Peninsula in Russia. His research interests include the organization of lithic technology, shellfish procurement and archaeological research history. Currently, he is exploring the use of pXRF in characterizing the chert sources of northern Norway, as well as the use of incremental growth in marine shells for seasonality determination.
UiT – The Arctic University of Norway
Hans Peter Blankholm is Professor in archaeology at the Department of History and Religious Studies, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway. His research covers Stone Age archaeology of Scandinavia and analytical methodology relating to spatial analyses, GIS, remote sensing and predictive modelling. Blankholm is a member of the board for the Earth- and Environmental Sciences Division within the European Academy of Sciences, and a member of UISPP Commission IV.
For a century, Stone Age research on the coast of north Norway has been influential on settlement studies in the larger region. Research on Stone Age and Sámi coastal sites has brought forward central debates in the general archaeology in Fennoscandia. Our knowledge of the inland has on the other hand, been week, geographically skewed towards the larger river valleys and exhibiting major chronological gaps, the reality of which was unknown. From 2008 to 2013 the LARM project (Landscape and Resource Management) was aimed at generating new archaeological knowledge of the inland and integrating it with old, mostly unpublished, data derived from hydroelectric development projects implemented in the 1970s and 1980s. This book is the result of that effort. The book is framed conceptually by a general approach to hunter-gatherer landscape use. This is discussed also in relation to the transition from hunting to reindeer herding among the indigenous Sámi in the region under study. Sámi landscape practices and knowledge constitute an important baseline, with circumpolar perspectives integrated. The archaeological and historical data investigated in the book range from about 7500 BC until the Early Modern period (AD 1500-1700).
Chapter 7
Tromsø Museum – The University Museum, UIT – The Arctic University of Norway
Marianne Skandfer is Professor of Archaeology at The University Museum and Academy of Arts at UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø. Her research focuses on hunter-gatherer knowledge acquisition and transmission, specifically prehistoric technology transmission and resource management, including human-animal socialities. She has published several papers on, among other subjects, early ceramic technology, material culture and identity, and human-animal relations in northern, prehistoric, hunter-gatherer societies. She is currently primary investigator in a project looking at demography and settlement in Stone Age North Norway.
UiT – the Arctic University of Norway
Bryan C. Hood is Professor in Archaeology at UiT- the Arctic University of Norway, with a focus on hunter-gatherer settlement and social organization in the circumpolar region. In addition to northern Norway, he has worked in the Arctic/Subarctic transition zone of northeastern Canada (Labrador), Greenland, Baffin Island and the Kola Peninsula in Russia. His research interests include the organization of lithic technology, shellfish procurement and archaeological research history. Currently, he is exploring the use of pXRF in characterizing the chert sources of northern Norway, as well as the use of incremental growth in marine shells for seasonality determination.
UiT – The Arctic University of Norway
Hans Peter Blankholm is Professor in archaeology at the Department of History and Religious Studies, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway. His research covers Stone Age archaeology of Scandinavia and analytical methodology relating to spatial analyses, GIS, remote sensing and predictive modelling. Blankholm is a member of the board for the Earth- and Environmental Sciences Division within the European Academy of Sciences, and a member of UISPP Commission IV.
7.1. Previous investigations in inner Finnmark and Troms 7.2. Juntavađđa, Ássebákti and the birth of Sámi archaeology 7.3. 1970’s Investigations in Inner Finnmark 7.4. 1980s-1990s Investigations in Inner Finnmark 7.5. 1970s-1990s Investigations in Inner Troms 7.6. Investigations in the Bácheveaij/Pasvik River Valley 7.7. Implications for LARM
Chapter 8
Tromsø Museum – The University Museum, UIT – The Arctic University of Norway
Marianne Skandfer is Professor of Archaeology at The University Museum and Academy of Arts at UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø. Her research focuses on hunter-gatherer knowledge acquisition and transmission, specifically prehistoric technology transmission and resource management, including human-animal socialities. She has published several papers on, among other subjects, early ceramic technology, material culture and identity, and human-animal relations in northern, prehistoric, hunter-gatherer societies. She is currently primary investigator in a project looking at demography and settlement in Stone Age North Norway.
UiT – the Arctic University of Norway
Bryan C. Hood is Professor in Archaeology at UiT- the Arctic University of Norway, with a focus on hunter-gatherer settlement and social organization in the circumpolar region. In addition to northern Norway, he has worked in the Arctic/Subarctic transition zone of northeastern Canada (Labrador), Greenland, Baffin Island and the Kola Peninsula in Russia. His research interests include the organization of lithic technology, shellfish procurement and archaeological research history. Currently, he is exploring the use of pXRF in characterizing the chert sources of northern Norway, as well as the use of incremental growth in marine shells for seasonality determination.
8.1. General Introduction 8.2. The Kárášjohka/Karasjok Region 8.3. The Iešjohka – Mollešjohka – Iešjávri Corridor 8.4. Regional Case Study: A Hunting-pit System at Jálgesvárri 8.5. The Jergul Region 8.6. Regional Case Study: An Early Metal Age Dwelling Site at Guovžadievvá 8.7. The Ássebákti – Kárášjohka Region 8.8. Regional Case Study: An Early Metal Age Multi-Phase House-Pit at Čoallajávri 8.9. Small-Scale Investigations 8.10. Discussion of Landscape Use
Chapter 9
Tromsø Museum – The University Museum, UIT – The Arctic University of Norway
Marianne Skandfer is Professor of Archaeology at The University Museum and Academy of Arts at UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø. Her research focuses on hunter-gatherer knowledge acquisition and transmission, specifically prehistoric technology transmission and resource management, including human-animal socialities. She has published several papers on, among other subjects, early ceramic technology, material culture and identity, and human-animal relations in northern, prehistoric, hunter-gatherer societies. She is currently primary investigator in a project looking at demography and settlement in Stone Age North Norway.
UiT – the Arctic University of Norway
Bryan C. Hood is Professor in Archaeology at UiT- the Arctic University of Norway, with a focus on hunter-gatherer settlement and social organization in the circumpolar region. In addition to northern Norway, he has worked in the Arctic/Subarctic transition zone of northeastern Canada (Labrador), Greenland, Baffin Island and the Kola Peninsula in Russia. His research interests include the organization of lithic technology, shellfish procurement and archaeological research history. Currently, he is exploring the use of pXRF in characterizing the chert sources of northern Norway, as well as the use of incremental growth in marine shells for seasonality determination.
9.1. General Introduction 9.2. Investigations of House-Pits in the Bácheveaij/Pasvik River Valley, Eastern Finnmark 9.3. Investigations of House-Pits in the Deatnu/Tana River Valley, Eastern Finnmark 9.4. Small-Scale Investigations in Guovdageáidnu/Kautokeino, Láhpojohka and Sennalandet, Western Finnmark 9.5. Discussion of Landscape Use
Chapter 10
LARM Investigations in Inner Troms 1: Altevatn – Leinvatn and Vuolit Rostojávri/ Lille Rostavatn [+–]
UiT – The Arctic University of Norway
Hans Peter Blankholm is Professor in archaeology at the Department of History and Religious Studies, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway. His research covers Stone Age archaeology of Scandinavia and analytical methodology relating to spatial analyses, GIS, remote sensing and predictive modelling. Blankholm is a member of the board for the Earth- and Environmental Sciences Division within the European Academy of Sciences, and a member of UISPP Commission IV.
10.1. General Introduction 10.2. Introduction to the Altevatn – Leinavatn Region 10.3. Regional Case Study: (1) Excavations at Leinavasshytta 1 and 4, and (2) Test-pitting and dating of pit-houses and pit-falls in the Ostu and Leinavatnet area 10.4. Introduction to the Vuolit Rostojávri/Lille Rostavatn Region 10.5. Regional Case Study: Excavations at Vuolit Rostojávre/Lille Rostavatn 10.6. Introduction to the Guomojávrrit Region 10.7. Regional Case Study: Excavations at Guomojávri 10.8. Discussion of Landscape Use
Chapter 11
UiT – The Arctic University of Norway
Department of Archaeology, History, Religious Studies and Theology, Associate Professor
For a century, Stone Age research on the coast of north Norway has been influential on settlement studies in the larger region. Research on Stone Age and Sámi coastal sites has brought forward central debates in the general archaeology in Fennoscandia. Our knowledge of the inland has on the other hand, been week, geographically skewed towards the larger river valleys and exhibiting major chronological gaps, the reality of which was unknown. From 2008 to 2013 the LARM project (Landscape and Resource Management) was aimed at generating new archaeological knowledge of the inland and integrating it with old, mostly unpublished, data derived from hydroelectric development projects implemented in the 1970s and 1980s. This book is the result of that effort. The book is framed conceptually by a general approach to hunter-gatherer landscape use. This is discussed also in relation to the transition from hunting to reindeer herding among the indigenous Sámi in the region under study. Sámi landscape practices and knowledge constitute an important baseline, with circumpolar perspectives integrated. The archaeological and historical data investigated in the book range from about 7500 BC until the Early Modern period (AD 1500-1700).
Chapter 12
UiT – The Arctic University of Norway
Hans Peter Blankholm is Professor in archaeology at the Department of History and Religious Studies, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway. His research covers Stone Age archaeology of Scandinavia and analytical methodology relating to spatial analyses, GIS, remote sensing and predictive modelling. Blankholm is a member of the board for the Earth- and Environmental Sciences Division within the European Academy of Sciences, and a member of UISPP Commission IV.
Tromsø Museum – The University Museum, UIT – The Arctic University of Norway
Marianne Skandfer is Professor of Archaeology at The University Museum and Academy of Arts at UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø. Her research focuses on hunter-gatherer knowledge acquisition and transmission, specifically prehistoric technology transmission and resource management, including human-animal socialities. She has published several papers on, among other subjects, early ceramic technology, material culture and identity, and human-animal relations in northern, prehistoric, hunter-gatherer societies. She is currently primary investigator in a project looking at demography and settlement in Stone Age North Norway.
For a century, Stone Age research on the coast of north Norway has been influential on settlement studies in the larger region. Research on Stone Age and Sámi coastal sites has brought forward central debates in the general archaeology in Fennoscandia. Our knowledge of the inland has on the other hand, been week, geographically skewed towards the larger river valleys and exhibiting major chronological gaps, the reality of which was unknown. From 2008 to 2013 the LARM project (Landscape and Resource Management) was aimed at generating new archaeological knowledge of the inland and integrating it with old, mostly unpublished, data derived from hydroelectric development projects implemented in the 1970s and 1980s. This book is the result of that effort. The book is framed conceptually by a general approach to hunter-gatherer landscape use. This is discussed also in relation to the transition from hunting to reindeer herding among the indigenous Sámi in the region under study. Sámi landscape practices and knowledge constitute an important baseline, with circumpolar perspectives integrated. The archaeological and historical data investigated in the book range from about 7500 BC until the Early Modern period (AD 1500-1700).
Chapter 13
UiT – the Arctic University of Norway
Bryan C. Hood is Professor in Archaeology at UiT- the Arctic University of Norway, with a focus on hunter-gatherer settlement and social organization in the circumpolar region. In addition to northern Norway, he has worked in the Arctic/Subarctic transition zone of northeastern Canada (Labrador), Greenland, Baffin Island and the Kola Peninsula in Russia. His research interests include the organization of lithic technology, shellfish procurement and archaeological research history. Currently, he is exploring the use of pXRF in characterizing the chert sources of northern Norway, as well as the use of incremental growth in marine shells for seasonality determination.
For a century, Stone Age research on the coast of north Norway has been influential on settlement studies in the larger region. Research on Stone Age and Sámi coastal sites has brought forward central debates in the general archaeology in Fennoscandia. Our knowledge of the inland has on the other hand, been week, geographically skewed towards the larger river valleys and exhibiting major chronological gaps, the reality of which was unknown. From 2008 to 2013 the LARM project (Landscape and Resource Management) was aimed at generating new archaeological knowledge of the inland and integrating it with old, mostly unpublished, data derived from hydroelectric development projects implemented in the 1970s and 1980s. This book is the result of that effort. The book is framed conceptually by a general approach to hunter-gatherer landscape use. This is discussed also in relation to the transition from hunting to reindeer herding among the indigenous Sámi in the region under study. Sámi landscape practices and knowledge constitute an important baseline, with circumpolar perspectives integrated. The archaeological and historical data investigated in the book range from about 7500 BC until the Early Modern period (AD 1500-1700).
Chapter 14
UiT – the Arctic University of Norway
Bryan C. Hood is Professor in Archaeology at UiT- the Arctic University of Norway, with a focus on hunter-gatherer settlement and social organization in the circumpolar region. In addition to northern Norway, he has worked in the Arctic/Subarctic transition zone of northeastern Canada (Labrador), Greenland, Baffin Island and the Kola Peninsula in Russia. His research interests include the organization of lithic technology, shellfish procurement and archaeological research history. Currently, he is exploring the use of pXRF in characterizing the chert sources of northern Norway, as well as the use of incremental growth in marine shells for seasonality determination.
For a century, Stone Age research on the coast of north Norway has been influential on settlement studies in the larger region. Research on Stone Age and Sámi coastal sites has brought forward central debates in the general archaeology in Fennoscandia. Our knowledge of the inland has on the other hand, been week, geographically skewed towards the larger river valleys and exhibiting major chronological gaps, the reality of which was unknown. From 2008 to 2013 the LARM project (Landscape and Resource Management) was aimed at generating new archaeological knowledge of the inland and integrating it with old, mostly unpublished, data derived from hydroelectric development projects implemented in the 1970s and 1980s. This book is the result of that effort. The book is framed conceptually by a general approach to hunter-gatherer landscape use. This is discussed also in relation to the transition from hunting to reindeer herding among the indigenous Sámi in the region under study. Sámi landscape practices and knowledge constitute an important baseline, with circumpolar perspectives integrated. The archaeological and historical data investigated in the book range from about 7500 BC until the Early Modern period (AD 1500-1700).
Chapter 15
UiT – the Arctic University of Norway
Bryan C. Hood is Professor in Archaeology at UiT- the Arctic University of Norway, with a focus on hunter-gatherer settlement and social organization in the circumpolar region. In addition to northern Norway, he has worked in the Arctic/Subarctic transition zone of northeastern Canada (Labrador), Greenland, Baffin Island and the Kola Peninsula in Russia. His research interests include the organization of lithic technology, shellfish procurement and archaeological research history. Currently, he is exploring the use of pXRF in characterizing the chert sources of northern Norway, as well as the use of incremental growth in marine shells for seasonality determination.
For a century, Stone Age research on the coast of north Norway has been influential on settlement studies in the larger region. Research on Stone Age and Sámi coastal sites has brought forward central debates in the general archaeology in Fennoscandia. Our knowledge of the inland has on the other hand, been week, geographically skewed towards the larger river valleys and exhibiting major chronological gaps, the reality of which was unknown. From 2008 to 2013 the LARM project (Landscape and Resource Management) was aimed at generating new archaeological knowledge of the inland and integrating it with old, mostly unpublished, data derived from hydroelectric development projects implemented in the 1970s and 1980s. This book is the result of that effort. The book is framed conceptually by a general approach to hunter-gatherer landscape use. This is discussed also in relation to the transition from hunting to reindeer herding among the indigenous Sámi in the region under study. Sámi landscape practices and knowledge constitute an important baseline, with circumpolar perspectives integrated. The archaeological and historical data investigated in the book range from about 7500 BC until the Early Modern period (AD 1500-1700).
Chapter 16
The Emergence of Reindeer Herding in North Norway Part 2: Archaeological and Historical Evidence [+–]
UiT – the Arctic University of Norway
Bryan C. Hood is Professor in Archaeology at UiT- the Arctic University of Norway, with a focus on hunter-gatherer settlement and social organization in the circumpolar region. In addition to northern Norway, he has worked in the Arctic/Subarctic transition zone of northeastern Canada (Labrador), Greenland, Baffin Island and the Kola Peninsula in Russia. His research interests include the organization of lithic technology, shellfish procurement and archaeological research history. Currently, he is exploring the use of pXRF in characterizing the chert sources of northern Norway, as well as the use of incremental growth in marine shells for seasonality determination.
For a century, Stone Age research on the coast of north Norway has been influential on settlement studies in the larger region. Research on Stone Age and Sámi coastal sites has brought forward central debates in the general archaeology in Fennoscandia. Our knowledge of the inland has on the other hand, been week, geographically skewed towards the larger river valleys and exhibiting major chronological gaps, the reality of which was unknown. From 2008 to 2013 the LARM project (Landscape and Resource Management) was aimed at generating new archaeological knowledge of the inland and integrating it with old, mostly unpublished, data derived from hydroelectric development projects implemented in the 1970s and 1980s. This book is the result of that effort. The book is framed conceptually by a general approach to hunter-gatherer landscape use. This is discussed also in relation to the transition from hunting to reindeer herding among the indigenous Sámi in the region under study. Sámi landscape practices and knowledge constitute an important baseline, with circumpolar perspectives integrated. The archaeological and historical data investigated in the book range from about 7500 BC until the Early Modern period (AD 1500-1700).
Chapter 17
UiT – the Arctic University of Norway
Bryan C. Hood is Professor in Archaeology at UiT- the Arctic University of Norway, with a focus on hunter-gatherer settlement and social organization in the circumpolar region. In addition to northern Norway, he has worked in the Arctic/Subarctic transition zone of northeastern Canada (Labrador), Greenland, Baffin Island and the Kola Peninsula in Russia. His research interests include the organization of lithic technology, shellfish procurement and archaeological research history. Currently, he is exploring the use of pXRF in characterizing the chert sources of northern Norway, as well as the use of incremental growth in marine shells for seasonality determination.
For a century, Stone Age research on the coast of north Norway has been influential on settlement studies in the larger region. Research on Stone Age and Sámi coastal sites has brought forward central debates in the general archaeology in Fennoscandia. Our knowledge of the inland has on the other hand, been week, geographically skewed towards the larger river valleys and exhibiting major chronological gaps, the reality of which was unknown. From 2008 to 2013 the LARM project (Landscape and Resource Management) was aimed at generating new archaeological knowledge of the inland and integrating it with old, mostly unpublished, data derived from hydroelectric development projects implemented in the 1970s and 1980s. This book is the result of that effort. The book is framed conceptually by a general approach to hunter-gatherer landscape use. This is discussed also in relation to the transition from hunting to reindeer herding among the indigenous Sámi in the region under study. Sámi landscape practices and knowledge constitute an important baseline, with circumpolar perspectives integrated. The archaeological and historical data investigated in the book range from about 7500 BC until the Early Modern period (AD 1500-1700).
Chapter 18
Helge Irgens Høeg is a Norwegian botanist.
For a century, Stone Age research on the coast of north Norway has been influential on settlement studies in the larger region. Research on Stone Age and Sámi coastal sites has brought forward central debates in the general archaeology in Fennoscandia. Our knowledge of the inland has on the other hand, been week, geographically skewed towards the larger river valleys and exhibiting major chronological gaps, the reality of which was unknown. From 2008 to 2013 the LARM project (Landscape and Resource Management) was aimed at generating new archaeological knowledge of the inland and integrating it with old, mostly unpublished, data derived from hydroelectric development projects implemented in the 1970s and 1980s. This book is the result of that effort. The book is framed conceptually by a general approach to hunter-gatherer landscape use. This is discussed also in relation to the transition from hunting to reindeer herding among the indigenous Sámi in the region under study. Sámi landscape practices and knowledge constitute an important baseline, with circumpolar perspectives integrated. The archaeological and historical data investigated in the book range from about 7500 BC until the Early Modern period (AD 1500-1700).
Chapter 19
Tromsø Museum – The University Museum, UIT – The Arctic University of Norway
Marianne Skandfer is Professor of Archaeology at The University Museum and Academy of Arts at UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø. Her research focuses on hunter-gatherer knowledge acquisition and transmission, specifically prehistoric technology transmission and resource management, including human-animal socialities. She has published several papers on, among other subjects, early ceramic technology, material culture and identity, and human-animal relations in northern, prehistoric, hunter-gatherer societies. She is currently primary investigator in a project looking at demography and settlement in Stone Age North Norway.
UiT – The Arctic University of Norway
Hans Peter Blankholm is Professor in archaeology at the Department of History and Religious Studies, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway. His research covers Stone Age archaeology of Scandinavia and analytical methodology relating to spatial analyses, GIS, remote sensing and predictive modelling. Blankholm is a member of the board for the Earth- and Environmental Sciences Division within the European Academy of Sciences, and a member of UISPP Commission IV.
UiT – the Arctic University of Norway
Bryan C. Hood is Professor in Archaeology at UiT- the Arctic University of Norway, with a focus on hunter-gatherer settlement and social organization in the circumpolar region. In addition to northern Norway, he has worked in the Arctic/Subarctic transition zone of northeastern Canada (Labrador), Greenland, Baffin Island and the Kola Peninsula in Russia. His research interests include the organization of lithic technology, shellfish procurement and archaeological research history. Currently, he is exploring the use of pXRF in characterizing the chert sources of northern Norway, as well as the use of incremental growth in marine shells for seasonality determination.
For a century, Stone Age research on the coast of north Norway has been influential on settlement studies in the larger region. Research on Stone Age and Sámi coastal sites has brought forward central debates in the general archaeology in Fennoscandia. Our knowledge of the inland has on the other hand, been week, geographically skewed towards the larger river valleys and exhibiting major chronological gaps, the reality of which was unknown. From 2008 to 2013 the LARM project (Landscape and Resource Management) was aimed at generating new archaeological knowledge of the inland and integrating it with old, mostly unpublished, data derived from hydroelectric development projects implemented in the 1970s and 1980s. This book is the result of that effort. The book is framed conceptually by a general approach to hunter-gatherer landscape use. This is discussed also in relation to the transition from hunting to reindeer herding among the indigenous Sámi in the region under study. Sámi landscape practices and knowledge constitute an important baseline, with circumpolar perspectives integrated. The archaeological and historical data investigated in the book range from about 7500 BC until the Early Modern period (AD 1500-1700).
