Ray Brown
His Life and Music
Jay Sweet [+–]
musician, educator and writer
Jay Sweet is a professional jazz bassist, educator, writer, and researcher. Currently, he teaches bass instruction and courses in Jazz History, American Music History, and Music Appreciation at Monmouth University in West Long Branch, New Jersey. He has also taught several related courses at Middlesex College and Rutgers University. In addition, he is the owner and director of Sweet Music Academy, where he and his fantastic staff of highly trained instructors have taught well over 3,500 students through his efforts. Along with teaching, Jay Sweet is an active performer who has performed and recorded with several noted artists. Most recently, he has worked as a contributing editor of Jersey Jazz Magazine and author of the books A History of American Music: An Origin Story 1750-1950 and The Music of 1964: The 50 Most Impactful Albums.
Jay Sweet holds degrees from Berklee College of Music (B.M.) and Rutgers University (M.M.). He is also the host of the popular podcasts 30 Albums For 30 Years (1964-1994) and The Jazz Real Book.
Ray Brown: His Life and Music is the first full-length biography of Ray Brown, one of the most outstanding practitioners of bass playing in jazz music. Brown’s career spans the most popular and creative eras of jazz, from 1940 to the dawn of the 21st century. During his early professional career, Ray Brown first toured with territory bands, and by 1946, he was hired by Dizzy Gillespie to play in his small group and big band. At this time, Brown became the first call New York bassist to accompany other bop musicians like Charlie Parker and Bud Powell. He also served as the bassist with Norman Granz’s Jazz at the Philharmonic and frequently recorded with an impressive stable of jazz musicians. In 1947 Ray Brown married legendary singer Ella Fitzgerald and soon divided his time by working as the leader of Fitzgerald’s trio while playing with Gillespie, Jazz at the Philharmonic, and as a guest accompanist.
After first playing together at Carnegie Hall in 1949, Ray Brown began regularly working with Canadian piano sensation Oscar Peterson until 1965. The Peterson Trio would become one of the most lucrative acts in jazz history. After leaving Peterson, Ray Brown worked as a Los Angeles studio musician and played on numerous commercial recordings but never abandoned swing-based jazz. During these years, he also became involved as a manager, promoter, and teacher. Throughout the mid-1970s until he died in 2002, Ray Brown remained one of the most excellent practitioners of mainstream jazz during a time when some elements of the music moved far away from this style. With so many jazz musicians from his generation succumbing to drugs and tragedy, Ray Brown’s longevity and professionalism are a testament to his talents, intelligence, and professionalism.
Series: Popular Music History
Table of Contents
Foreword
Royal Academy of Music, London
Alyn Shipton has co-authored many musicians’ biographies, including most recently, that of chart topping jazz bandleader Chris Barber. His life of singer/songwriter Harry Nilsson won the 2014 ASCAP Deems Taylor Award for pop biography.
Preface
musician, educator and writer
Jay Sweet is a professional jazz bassist, educator, writer, and researcher. Currently, he teaches bass instruction and courses in Jazz History, American Music History, and Music Appreciation at Monmouth University in West Long Branch, New Jersey. He has also taught several related courses at Middlesex College and Rutgers University. In addition, he is the owner and director of Sweet Music Academy, where he and his fantastic staff of highly trained instructors have taught well over 3,500 students through his efforts. Along with teaching, Jay Sweet is an active performer who has performed and recorded with several noted artists. Most recently, he has worked as a contributing editor of Jersey Jazz Magazine and author of the books A History of American Music: An Origin Story 1750-1950 and The Music of 1964: The 50 Most Impactful Albums.
Jay Sweet holds degrees from Berklee College of Music (B.M.) and Rutgers University (M.M.). He is also the host of the popular podcasts 30 Albums For 30 Years (1964-1994) and The Jazz Real Book.
Chapter 1
musician, educator and writer
Jay Sweet is a professional jazz bassist, educator, writer, and researcher. Currently, he teaches bass instruction and courses in Jazz History, American Music History, and Music Appreciation at Monmouth University in West Long Branch, New Jersey. He has also taught several related courses at Middlesex College and Rutgers University. In addition, he is the owner and director of Sweet Music Academy, where he and his fantastic staff of highly trained instructors have taught well over 3,500 students through his efforts. Along with teaching, Jay Sweet is an active performer who has performed and recorded with several noted artists. Most recently, he has worked as a contributing editor of Jersey Jazz Magazine and author of the books A History of American Music: An Origin Story 1750-1950 and The Music of 1964: The 50 Most Impactful Albums.
Jay Sweet holds degrees from Berklee College of Music (B.M.) and Rutgers University (M.M.). He is also the host of the popular podcasts 30 Albums For 30 Years (1964-1994) and The Jazz Real Book.
Details the early life of renowned bass player Ray Brown in Pittsburgh. Raised in a blue-collar environment, Brown’s parents had working-class jobs. Music played a significant role in the Brown household, and his exposure to jazz and pivotal influences like Jimmy Blanton shaped his musical journey. Growing up in Pittsburgh’s vibrant music scene, Brown started playing bass in high school, attracting attention and opportunities. The chapter concludes with Ray Brown’s decision to join Jimmy Hinsley’s band after graduating in 1944, marking his entry into the professional music world.
Chapter 2
musician, educator and writer
Jay Sweet is a professional jazz bassist, educator, writer, and researcher. Currently, he teaches bass instruction and courses in Jazz History, American Music History, and Music Appreciation at Monmouth University in West Long Branch, New Jersey. He has also taught several related courses at Middlesex College and Rutgers University. In addition, he is the owner and director of Sweet Music Academy, where he and his fantastic staff of highly trained instructors have taught well over 3,500 students through his efforts. Along with teaching, Jay Sweet is an active performer who has performed and recorded with several noted artists. Most recently, he has worked as a contributing editor of Jersey Jazz Magazine and author of the books A History of American Music: An Origin Story 1750-1950 and The Music of 1964: The 50 Most Impactful Albums.
Jay Sweet holds degrees from Berklee College of Music (B.M.) and Rutgers University (M.M.). He is also the host of the popular podcasts 30 Albums For 30 Years (1964-1994) and The Jazz Real Book.
Young jazz bassist Ray Brown embarks on the challenges of road life with the Jimmy Hinsley Sextet. Meeting pianist Hank Jones becomes a crucial musical partnership. During this time, Brown discovers the innovative bassist Oscar Pettiford. Joining Snookum Russell’s band, he faces racial challenges in the South and gains regional recognition. Inspired by saxophonist Eddie “Lockjaw” Davis, Brown decides to move to New York, marking a pivotal moment in his career. The chapter highlights the challenges of road life, influential musical connections, and Brown’s journey toward becoming a jazz icon.
Chapter 3
musician, educator and writer
Jay Sweet is a professional jazz bassist, educator, writer, and researcher. Currently, he teaches bass instruction and courses in Jazz History, American Music History, and Music Appreciation at Monmouth University in West Long Branch, New Jersey. He has also taught several related courses at Middlesex College and Rutgers University. In addition, he is the owner and director of Sweet Music Academy, where he and his fantastic staff of highly trained instructors have taught well over 3,500 students through his efforts. Along with teaching, Jay Sweet is an active performer who has performed and recorded with several noted artists. Most recently, he has worked as a contributing editor of Jersey Jazz Magazine and author of the books A History of American Music: An Origin Story 1750-1950 and The Music of 1964: The 50 Most Impactful Albums.
Jay Sweet holds degrees from Berklee College of Music (B.M.) and Rutgers University (M.M.). He is also the host of the popular podcasts 30 Albums For 30 Years (1964-1994) and The Jazz Real Book.
In 1945, 19-year-old bassist Ray Brown seized an opportunity to move to New York, mailing jazz agencies with Snookum Russell’s “World’s Greatest Bass Player” flyers. Dizzy Gillespie offered him a spot in his bebop band, leading to a groundbreaking stint at Billy Berg’s Club in Los Angeles. Despite challenges and pressure to commercialize, the band showcased bebop’s intensity on the West Coast. Brown’s first recordings with Gillespie and Charlie Parker, including the Jubilee broadcast and Dial Records sessions, marked significant moments. However, a West Coast trip ended with Gillespie and Parker’s relationship strained. Brown, influenced by Gillespie, avoided Parker’s destructive path.
Chapter 4
musician, educator and writer
Jay Sweet is a professional jazz bassist, educator, writer, and researcher. Currently, he teaches bass instruction and courses in Jazz History, American Music History, and Music Appreciation at Monmouth University in West Long Branch, New Jersey. He has also taught several related courses at Middlesex College and Rutgers University. In addition, he is the owner and director of Sweet Music Academy, where he and his fantastic staff of highly trained instructors have taught well over 3,500 students through his efforts. Along with teaching, Jay Sweet is an active performer who has performed and recorded with several noted artists. Most recently, he has worked as a contributing editor of Jersey Jazz Magazine and author of the books A History of American Music: An Origin Story 1750-1950 and The Music of 1964: The 50 Most Impactful Albums.
Jay Sweet holds degrees from Berklee College of Music (B.M.) and Rutgers University (M.M.). He is also the host of the popular podcasts 30 Albums For 30 Years (1964-1994) and The Jazz Real Book.
In 1946, Dizzy Gillespie’s attempt with the Hepstations, a bebop big band, ended in failure due to miscommunications and hostility from southern audiences. Undeterred, Gillespie returned to establish a new Dizzy Gillespie Big Band. After a Spotlight Club residency and recording sessions, the band expanded, featuring talents like Kenny Clarke, Sonny Stitt, and John Lewis. Gillespie’s commitment to entertainment, evident in the film “Jivin’ in Bebop,” contrasted with Bebop’s purist ideals. The chapter highlights lineup changes, recording sessions, and the band’s unique identity, with Ray Brown’s growing prominence as a standout bassist in the bebop movement.
Chapter 5
musician, educator and writer
Jay Sweet is a professional jazz bassist, educator, writer, and researcher. Currently, he teaches bass instruction and courses in Jazz History, American Music History, and Music Appreciation at Monmouth University in West Long Branch, New Jersey. He has also taught several related courses at Middlesex College and Rutgers University. In addition, he is the owner and director of Sweet Music Academy, where he and his fantastic staff of highly trained instructors have taught well over 3,500 students through his efforts. Along with teaching, Jay Sweet is an active performer who has performed and recorded with several noted artists. Most recently, he has worked as a contributing editor of Jersey Jazz Magazine and author of the books A History of American Music: An Origin Story 1750-1950 and The Music of 1964: The 50 Most Impactful Albums.
Jay Sweet holds degrees from Berklee College of Music (B.M.) and Rutgers University (M.M.). He is also the host of the popular podcasts 30 Albums For 30 Years (1964-1994) and The Jazz Real Book.
In 1947, Ray Brown became a standout jazz bassist, touring with Dizzy Gillespie’s Orchestra and forming what would become The Modern Jazz Quartet. A romantic connection with Ella Fitzgerald led to marriage and collaboration. Gillespie’s big band faced financial struggles, prompting Brown’s departure due to discomfort with the evolving Cubop direction and tensions within the group. Brown’s contributions to iconic radio battles, Jazz at the Philharmonic concerts, and recording sessions with Fitzgerald showcased his versatility. By the year’s end, Brown received the “New Star” award from Esquire Magazine, solidifying his status in jazz.
Chapter 6
musician, educator and writer
Jay Sweet is a professional jazz bassist, educator, writer, and researcher. Currently, he teaches bass instruction and courses in Jazz History, American Music History, and Music Appreciation at Monmouth University in West Long Branch, New Jersey. He has also taught several related courses at Middlesex College and Rutgers University. In addition, he is the owner and director of Sweet Music Academy, where he and his fantastic staff of highly trained instructors have taught well over 3,500 students through his efforts. Along with teaching, Jay Sweet is an active performer who has performed and recorded with several noted artists. Most recently, he has worked as a contributing editor of Jersey Jazz Magazine and author of the books A History of American Music: An Origin Story 1750-1950 and The Music of 1964: The 50 Most Impactful Albums.
Jay Sweet holds degrees from Berklee College of Music (B.M.) and Rutgers University (M.M.). He is also the host of the popular podcasts 30 Albums For 30 Years (1964-1994) and The Jazz Real Book.
In 1949, jazz bassist Ray Brown experienced a pivotal year, marked by his marriage to Ella Fitzgerald, continued collaborations with her, and key contributions to Jazz at the Philharmonic (JATP) tours. Brown’s trio features Hank Jones and Buddy Rich. The year also witnessed significant recordings, including Charlie Parker’s groundbreaking Charlie Parker with Strings album. Norman Granz, a driving force behind JATP, played a crucial role in Brown’s career. Despite Brown’s busy schedule, he emerged as an influential figure in the jazz scene, leaving a lasting legacy.
Chapter 7
musician, educator and writer
Jay Sweet is a professional jazz bassist, educator, writer, and researcher. Currently, he teaches bass instruction and courses in Jazz History, American Music History, and Music Appreciation at Monmouth University in West Long Branch, New Jersey. He has also taught several related courses at Middlesex College and Rutgers University. In addition, he is the owner and director of Sweet Music Academy, where he and his fantastic staff of highly trained instructors have taught well over 3,500 students through his efforts. Along with teaching, Jay Sweet is an active performer who has performed and recorded with several noted artists. Most recently, he has worked as a contributing editor of Jersey Jazz Magazine and author of the books A History of American Music: An Origin Story 1750-1950 and The Music of 1964: The 50 Most Impactful Albums.
Jay Sweet holds degrees from Berklee College of Music (B.M.) and Rutgers University (M.M.). He is also the host of the popular podcasts 30 Albums For 30 Years (1964-1994) and The Jazz Real Book.
In 1950, bassist Ray Brown and pianist Oscar Peterson forged a transformative musical partnership rooted in tradition and virtuosity. Peterson’s journey to jazz prominence began in Montreal, with Norman Granz orchestrating his Carnegie Hall debut. The duo’s inception marked the start of their compelling collaboration. Peterson and Brown’s onstage chemistry became evident, shaping a remarkable musical alliance. Peterson’s American debut, studio recordings, and a successful JATP tour defined the year, establishing the duo’s enduring impact. Despite personal and professional challenges, the Brown-Peterson collaboration emerged as an influential force in jazz.
Chapter 8
musician, educator and writer
Jay Sweet is a professional jazz bassist, educator, writer, and researcher. Currently, he teaches bass instruction and courses in Jazz History, American Music History, and Music Appreciation at Monmouth University in West Long Branch, New Jersey. He has also taught several related courses at Middlesex College and Rutgers University. In addition, he is the owner and director of Sweet Music Academy, where he and his fantastic staff of highly trained instructors have taught well over 3,500 students through his efforts. Along with teaching, Jay Sweet is an active performer who has performed and recorded with several noted artists. Most recently, he has worked as a contributing editor of Jersey Jazz Magazine and author of the books A History of American Music: An Origin Story 1750-1950 and The Music of 1964: The 50 Most Impactful Albums.
Jay Sweet holds degrees from Berklee College of Music (B.M.) and Rutgers University (M.M.). He is also the host of the popular podcasts 30 Albums For 30 Years (1964-1994) and The Jazz Real Book.
In the early 1950s, the Oscar Peterson-Ray Brown duo toured extensively and captivated audiences with their technical brilliance. Their friendship evolved into brotherhood, marked by humor and practical jokes. Racism, unfortunately, marred their journey, with incidents vividly recalled by Peterson. Despite challenges, the duo’s musical prowess grew, leading to pivotal recordings. The period also saw Peterson’s collaboration with guitarist Barney Kessel and the challenges faced during JATP tours. Brown’s versatility shone in various recording sessions, furthering his status as a sought-after bassist.
Chapter 9
musician, educator and writer
Jay Sweet is a professional jazz bassist, educator, writer, and researcher. Currently, he teaches bass instruction and courses in Jazz History, American Music History, and Music Appreciation at Monmouth University in West Long Branch, New Jersey. He has also taught several related courses at Middlesex College and Rutgers University. In addition, he is the owner and director of Sweet Music Academy, where he and his fantastic staff of highly trained instructors have taught well over 3,500 students through his efforts. Along with teaching, Jay Sweet is an active performer who has performed and recorded with several noted artists. Most recently, he has worked as a contributing editor of Jersey Jazz Magazine and author of the books A History of American Music: An Origin Story 1750-1950 and The Music of 1964: The 50 Most Impactful Albums.
Jay Sweet holds degrees from Berklee College of Music (B.M.) and Rutgers University (M.M.). He is also the host of the popular podcasts 30 Albums For 30 Years (1964-1994) and The Jazz Real Book.
In 1953 the Oscar Peterson Trio navigated significant changes when Herb Ellis replaced Barney Kessel, leading to the trio’s classic formation. Peterson challenged bandmates Brown and Ellis, forging a deep musical bond. Simultaneously, Ray Brown’s personal life underwent a divorce from Ella Fitzgerald, though they remained close friends. The new trio toured with Jazz at The Philharmonic, leaving a lasting impact during their Japanese performances..Recognized in DownBeat’s poll, Ray Brown became the top-ranked bassist, solidifying his stature in the jazz world.
Chapter 10
musician, educator and writer
Jay Sweet is a professional jazz bassist, educator, writer, and researcher. Currently, he teaches bass instruction and courses in Jazz History, American Music History, and Music Appreciation at Monmouth University in West Long Branch, New Jersey. He has also taught several related courses at Middlesex College and Rutgers University. In addition, he is the owner and director of Sweet Music Academy, where he and his fantastic staff of highly trained instructors have taught well over 3,500 students through his efforts. Along with teaching, Jay Sweet is an active performer who has performed and recorded with several noted artists. Most recently, he has worked as a contributing editor of Jersey Jazz Magazine and author of the books A History of American Music: An Origin Story 1750-1950 and The Music of 1964: The 50 Most Impactful Albums.
Jay Sweet holds degrees from Berklee College of Music (B.M.) and Rutgers University (M.M.). He is also the host of the popular podcasts 30 Albums For 30 Years (1964-1994) and The Jazz Real Book.
This chapter explores the recordings of the first classic, Oscar Peterson Trio, focusing on Herb Ellis’s pivotal role and the challenge of recording numerous tracks quickly. Live performances and albums at Zardi’s and the Stratford Shakespearean Festival exemplified the trio’s brilliance. Herb Ellis’s amicable departure in 1958 ended an era, but the trio’s collaboration remains celebrated for its creativity and impact.
Chapter 11
musician, educator and writer
Jay Sweet is a professional jazz bassist, educator, writer, and researcher. Currently, he teaches bass instruction and courses in Jazz History, American Music History, and Music Appreciation at Monmouth University in West Long Branch, New Jersey. He has also taught several related courses at Middlesex College and Rutgers University. In addition, he is the owner and director of Sweet Music Academy, where he and his fantastic staff of highly trained instructors have taught well over 3,500 students through his efforts. Along with teaching, Jay Sweet is an active performer who has performed and recorded with several noted artists. Most recently, he has worked as a contributing editor of Jersey Jazz Magazine and author of the books A History of American Music: An Origin Story 1750-1950 and The Music of 1964: The 50 Most Impactful Albums.
Jay Sweet holds degrees from Berklee College of Music (B.M.) and Rutgers University (M.M.). He is also the host of the popular podcasts 30 Albums For 30 Years (1964-1994) and The Jazz Real Book.
This chapter navigates through Norman Granz’s Jazz at the Philharmonic (JATP) tours and recordings spanning 1954 to 1958, highlighting the pivotal role of bassist Ray Brown. The narrative delves into the challenges faced during international and U.S. tours. It provides a comprehensive perspective on JATP’s influential concerts, featuring jazz luminaries such as Ella Fitzgerald and Roy Eldridge. The chapter scrutinizes specific performances like the 1956 international tour and the 1958 European Tour, offering nuanced insights into JATP’s evolution and Granz’s strategic decisions amidst shifting societal and musical landscapes.
Chapter 12
musician, educator and writer
Jay Sweet is a professional jazz bassist, educator, writer, and researcher. Currently, he teaches bass instruction and courses in Jazz History, American Music History, and Music Appreciation at Monmouth University in West Long Branch, New Jersey. He has also taught several related courses at Middlesex College and Rutgers University. In addition, he is the owner and director of Sweet Music Academy, where he and his fantastic staff of highly trained instructors have taught well over 3,500 students through his efforts. Along with teaching, Jay Sweet is an active performer who has performed and recorded with several noted artists. Most recently, he has worked as a contributing editor of Jersey Jazz Magazine and author of the books A History of American Music: An Origin Story 1750-1950 and The Music of 1964: The 50 Most Impactful Albums.
Jay Sweet holds degrees from Berklee College of Music (B.M.) and Rutgers University (M.M.). He is also the host of the popular podcasts 30 Albums For 30 Years (1964-1994) and The Jazz Real Book.
In the mid-1950s, the Classic Oscar Peterson Trio established a remarkable legacy as accompanists for iconic vocalists. Collaborating with Ella Fitzgerald, navigated a complex personal relationship post-divorce. The trio’s disciplined support allowed Fitzgerald to shine, resulting in numerous albums. Norman Granz’s keen curation extended to successful collaborations with Louis Armstrong, Billie Holiday, and Buddy Rich. Despite personal challenges, the trio maintained musical excellence, contributing to groundbreaking projects like Ella and Louis. Their final year saw notable collaborations with vocalists Dorothy Dandridge, Toni Harper, and Anita O’Day, underscoring their enduring impact on the American Songbook.
Chapter 13
musician, educator and writer
Jay Sweet is a professional jazz bassist, educator, writer, and researcher. Currently, he teaches bass instruction and courses in Jazz History, American Music History, and Music Appreciation at Monmouth University in West Long Branch, New Jersey. He has also taught several related courses at Middlesex College and Rutgers University. In addition, he is the owner and director of Sweet Music Academy, where he and his fantastic staff of highly trained instructors have taught well over 3,500 students through his efforts. Along with teaching, Jay Sweet is an active performer who has performed and recorded with several noted artists. Most recently, he has worked as a contributing editor of Jersey Jazz Magazine and author of the books A History of American Music: An Origin Story 1750-1950 and The Music of 1964: The 50 Most Impactful Albums.
Jay Sweet holds degrees from Berklee College of Music (B.M.) and Rutgers University (M.M.). He is also the host of the popular podcasts 30 Albums For 30 Years (1964-1994) and The Jazz Real Book.
This chapter examines the Oscar Peterson Trio’s session recordings from 1954 to 1958, emphasizing their adaptability and distinct sound amid the evolving landscape of small-group jazz. The trio, known for its cohesive and signature time feel, became a sought-after backing band, collaborating with renowned soloists through Norman Granz’s effective formula. The chapter delves into Ray Brown’s role in maintaining a delicate balance between steady time and creative interplay, particularly in collaborations with tenor saxophonists Lester Young, Ben Webster, Coleman Hawkins, and Stan Getz. Brown’s versatility shines in sessions with trumpeters, drummers, and violinists, contributing significantly to jazz’s varied landscape during this era.
Chapter 14
musician, educator and writer
Jay Sweet is a professional jazz bassist, educator, writer, and researcher. Currently, he teaches bass instruction and courses in Jazz History, American Music History, and Music Appreciation at Monmouth University in West Long Branch, New Jersey. He has also taught several related courses at Middlesex College and Rutgers University. In addition, he is the owner and director of Sweet Music Academy, where he and his fantastic staff of highly trained instructors have taught well over 3,500 students through his efforts. Along with teaching, Jay Sweet is an active performer who has performed and recorded with several noted artists. Most recently, he has worked as a contributing editor of Jersey Jazz Magazine and author of the books A History of American Music: An Origin Story 1750-1950 and The Music of 1964: The 50 Most Impactful Albums.
Jay Sweet holds degrees from Berklee College of Music (B.M.) and Rutgers University (M.M.). He is also the host of the popular podcasts 30 Albums For 30 Years (1964-1994) and The Jazz Real Book.
Ray Brown’s sideman sessions without Oscar Peterson (1955-1958) reveal his versatility and consistency as a sought-after bassist. Despite his strong association with Peterson, Brown contributed to diverse projects, showcasing his impeccable technique, harmonic accuracy, and melodic sensibility. His sessions with Gene Krupa, Ben Webster, Tal Farlow, and Sonny Stitt demonstrated adaptability across genres. Brown’s involvement in groundbreaking albums like Sonny Rollins’ Way Out West and Gerry Mulligan’s Meets Stan Getz showcased his pivotal role in shaping innovative jazz. His sessions with Blossom Dearie and John Frigo underscored his adaptability in varied ensembles.
Chapter 15
musician, educator and writer
Jay Sweet is a professional jazz bassist, educator, writer, and researcher. Currently, he teaches bass instruction and courses in Jazz History, American Music History, and Music Appreciation at Monmouth University in West Long Branch, New Jersey. He has also taught several related courses at Middlesex College and Rutgers University. In addition, he is the owner and director of Sweet Music Academy, where he and his fantastic staff of highly trained instructors have taught well over 3,500 students through his efforts. Along with teaching, Jay Sweet is an active performer who has performed and recorded with several noted artists. Most recently, he has worked as a contributing editor of Jersey Jazz Magazine and author of the books A History of American Music: An Origin Story 1750-1950 and The Music of 1964: The 50 Most Impactful Albums.
Jay Sweet holds degrees from Berklee College of Music (B.M.) and Rutgers University (M.M.). He is also the host of the popular podcasts 30 Albums For 30 Years (1964-1994) and The Jazz Real Book.
Ray Brown transitioned from a supportive role to a prominent leader in the late 1950s. His albums Bass Hit! and This Is Ray Brown showcased his mastery. He made impactful collaborative recordings with The Poll Winners (Barney Kessel, Shelly Manne). Their first album earned acclaim, featuring intricate arrangements and highlighting Brown’s bass prowess. Subsequent albums like Ride Again and Exploring the Scene! displayed versatility, interpreting standards, and modern jazz.
Chapter 16
musician, educator and writer
Jay Sweet is a professional jazz bassist, educator, writer, and researcher. Currently, he teaches bass instruction and courses in Jazz History, American Music History, and Music Appreciation at Monmouth University in West Long Branch, New Jersey. He has also taught several related courses at Middlesex College and Rutgers University. In addition, he is the owner and director of Sweet Music Academy, where he and his fantastic staff of highly trained instructors have taught well over 3,500 students through his efforts. Along with teaching, Jay Sweet is an active performer who has performed and recorded with several noted artists. Most recently, he has worked as a contributing editor of Jersey Jazz Magazine and author of the books A History of American Music: An Origin Story 1750-1950 and The Music of 1964: The 50 Most Impactful Albums.
Jay Sweet holds degrees from Berklee College of Music (B.M.) and Rutgers University (M.M.). He is also the host of the popular podcasts 30 Albums For 30 Years (1964-1994) and The Jazz Real Book.
This passage chronicles the Oscar Peterson Trio’s evolution from guitarist Herb Ellis’s departure in 1958 to the formation of the second classic trio with drummer Ed Thigpen. Detailing the challenges of finding a replacement, the narrative explores the impact of Ed Thigpen, emphasizing the trio’s enduring commitment to traditional jazz amid evolving trends. It covers their extensive 1959 recording sessions, including the “Songbook Series,” addressing critiques and acknowledging bassist Ray Brown’s vital role. The passage concludes with the trio’s successful transition into education, overseas concerts, and collaborations during the early 1960s,
Chapter 17
musician, educator and writer
Jay Sweet is a professional jazz bassist, educator, writer, and researcher. Currently, he teaches bass instruction and courses in Jazz History, American Music History, and Music Appreciation at Monmouth University in West Long Branch, New Jersey. He has also taught several related courses at Middlesex College and Rutgers University. In addition, he is the owner and director of Sweet Music Academy, where he and his fantastic staff of highly trained instructors have taught well over 3,500 students through his efforts. Along with teaching, Jay Sweet is an active performer who has performed and recorded with several noted artists. Most recently, he has worked as a contributing editor of Jersey Jazz Magazine and author of the books A History of American Music: An Origin Story 1750-1950 and The Music of 1964: The 50 Most Impactful Albums.
Jay Sweet holds degrees from Berklee College of Music (B.M.) and Rutgers University (M.M.). He is also the host of the popular podcasts 30 Albums For 30 Years (1964-1994) and The Jazz Real Book.
Chapter 17 explores the years 1962-1965 for the Oscar Peterson Trio. It delves into key studio recordings like the inventive West Side Story and the big band-focused Bursting Out With The All-Star Big Band! The chapter encapsulates the trio’s commitment to traditional jazz amid evolving trends, emphasizing the enduring musical brotherhood between Brown and Peterson. Ed Thigpen’s departure, Herb Ellis’s brief reunion, and Ray Brown’s exit in 1965 mark the end of an era.
Chapter 18
musician, educator and writer
Jay Sweet is a professional jazz bassist, educator, writer, and researcher. Currently, he teaches bass instruction and courses in Jazz History, American Music History, and Music Appreciation at Monmouth University in West Long Branch, New Jersey. He has also taught several related courses at Middlesex College and Rutgers University. In addition, he is the owner and director of Sweet Music Academy, where he and his fantastic staff of highly trained instructors have taught well over 3,500 students through his efforts. Along with teaching, Jay Sweet is an active performer who has performed and recorded with several noted artists. Most recently, he has worked as a contributing editor of Jersey Jazz Magazine and author of the books A History of American Music: An Origin Story 1750-1950 and The Music of 1964: The 50 Most Impactful Albums.
Jay Sweet holds degrees from Berklee College of Music (B.M.) and Rutgers University (M.M.). He is also the host of the popular podcasts 30 Albums For 30 Years (1964-1994) and The Jazz Real Book.
In 1959-1965, amidst his role in the “second classic” Oscar Peterson Trio, Ray Brown engaged in prolific solo and sideman sessions. Notable collaborations included recordings with Blossom Dearie, Junior Mance, and Jimmy Giuffre, showcasing his versatility. Brown’s exploration of the jazz cello resulted in the innovative Jazz Cello album. His dynamic partnerships with Ella Fitzgerald, André Previn, Milt Jackson, and Sammy Davis Jr. highlighted his adaptability in diverse genres. The era solidified Brown’s legacy, emphasizing his contributions beyond the Oscar Peterson Trio.
Chapter 19
musician, educator and writer
Jay Sweet is a professional jazz bassist, educator, writer, and researcher. Currently, he teaches bass instruction and courses in Jazz History, American Music History, and Music Appreciation at Monmouth University in West Long Branch, New Jersey. He has also taught several related courses at Middlesex College and Rutgers University. In addition, he is the owner and director of Sweet Music Academy, where he and his fantastic staff of highly trained instructors have taught well over 3,500 students through his efforts. Along with teaching, Jay Sweet is an active performer who has performed and recorded with several noted artists. Most recently, he has worked as a contributing editor of Jersey Jazz Magazine and author of the books A History of American Music: An Origin Story 1750-1950 and The Music of 1964: The 50 Most Impactful Albums.
Jay Sweet holds degrees from Berklee College of Music (B.M.) and Rutgers University (M.M.). He is also the host of the popular podcasts 30 Albums For 30 Years (1964-1994) and The Jazz Real Book.
In the late 1960s, Ray Brown transitioned to Los Angeles, where his reputation and timing led to collaborations with renowned composers like Henry Mancini and Quincy Jones. This era marked a shift in studio dynamics with the dismantling of permanent orchestras. Brown was pivotal in the burgeoning scene, contributing to TV show themes, film soundtracks, and pop recordings. His work, often uncredited, extended to iconic projects such as “Mission Impossible,” “In the Heat of the Night,” and “The Party.” Brown’s adaptability also encompassed managing artists, founding Ray Brown Music, and releasing instructional materials.
Chapter 20
musician, educator and writer
Jay Sweet is a professional jazz bassist, educator, writer, and researcher. Currently, he teaches bass instruction and courses in Jazz History, American Music History, and Music Appreciation at Monmouth University in West Long Branch, New Jersey. He has also taught several related courses at Middlesex College and Rutgers University. In addition, he is the owner and director of Sweet Music Academy, where he and his fantastic staff of highly trained instructors have taught well over 3,500 students through his efforts. Along with teaching, Jay Sweet is an active performer who has performed and recorded with several noted artists. Most recently, he has worked as a contributing editor of Jersey Jazz Magazine and author of the books A History of American Music: An Origin Story 1750-1950 and The Music of 1964: The 50 Most Impactful Albums.
Jay Sweet holds degrees from Berklee College of Music (B.M.) and Rutgers University (M.M.). He is also the host of the popular podcasts 30 Albums For 30 Years (1964-1994) and The Jazz Real Book.
In the late 1960s, Ray Brown navigated California’s jazz scene, showcasing adaptability amidst the clash of traditional roots and avant-garde trends. Collaborating with Benny Carter, Jack Wilson, Michel Legrand, Shelly Manne, and others, he explored diverse projects. Studio sessions with Phineas Newborn Jr. and Jimmy Smith and the standout album Memphis Jackson demonstrated Brown’s fusion of jazz, funk, and soul. Notable critiques of Charles Lloyd and Bob James reflected his stance on evolving jazz.
Chapter 21
Sessions (1970-1974) [+–]
musician, educator and writer
Jay Sweet is a professional jazz bassist, educator, writer, and researcher. Currently, he teaches bass instruction and courses in Jazz History, American Music History, and Music Appreciation at Monmouth University in West Long Branch, New Jersey. He has also taught several related courses at Middlesex College and Rutgers University. In addition, he is the owner and director of Sweet Music Academy, where he and his fantastic staff of highly trained instructors have taught well over 3,500 students through his efforts. Along with teaching, Jay Sweet is an active performer who has performed and recorded with several noted artists. Most recently, he has worked as a contributing editor of Jersey Jazz Magazine and author of the books A History of American Music: An Origin Story 1750-1950 and The Music of 1964: The 50 Most Impactful Albums.
Jay Sweet holds degrees from Berklee College of Music (B.M.) and Rutgers University (M.M.). He is also the host of the popular podcasts 30 Albums For 30 Years (1964-1994) and The Jazz Real Book.
During the early 1970s, Ray Brown maneuvered through a dynamic musical landscape, incorporating funk influences. His collaborations showcased his musical versatility, while performances at the Concord Jazz Festival underscored his enduring popularity. Realizing a childhood aspiration, Brown recorded with Duke Ellington in 1973 and revisited the duo’s material in This One’s for Blanton. Versatility was a constant theme in his collaborations with Count Basie, Dizzy Gillespie, Oscar Peterson, Joe Pass, Red Rodney, and Herb Ellis. His contributions to vocal and instrumental releases, Japanese collaborations, and eclectic studio sessions added to his legacy.
Chapter 22
musician, educator and writer
Jay Sweet is a professional jazz bassist, educator, writer, and researcher. Currently, he teaches bass instruction and courses in Jazz History, American Music History, and Music Appreciation at Monmouth University in West Long Branch, New Jersey. He has also taught several related courses at Middlesex College and Rutgers University. In addition, he is the owner and director of Sweet Music Academy, where he and his fantastic staff of highly trained instructors have taught well over 3,500 students through his efforts. Along with teaching, Jay Sweet is an active performer who has performed and recorded with several noted artists. Most recently, he has worked as a contributing editor of Jersey Jazz Magazine and author of the books A History of American Music: An Origin Story 1750-1950 and The Music of 1964: The 50 Most Impactful Albums.
Jay Sweet holds degrees from Berklee College of Music (B.M.) and Rutgers University (M.M.). He is also the host of the popular podcasts 30 Albums For 30 Years (1964-1994) and The Jazz Real Book.
In the 1970s, Ray Brown collaborated with Brazilian guitarist Laurindo Almeida on the album Bach Ground Blues & Green, which gave rise to the L.A. Four with Almeida, Bud Shank, and Shelly Manne in 1974. The L.A. Four evolved into a versatile group, blending bossa nova, swing, classical, blues, and funk. Despite challenges in the U.S. jazz scene, their albums showcased Brown’s musical development. When drummer Jeff Hamilton joined, he added a new dynamic to the group before they disbanded in the early ’80s.
Chapter 23
musician, educator and writer
Jay Sweet is a professional jazz bassist, educator, writer, and researcher. Currently, he teaches bass instruction and courses in Jazz History, American Music History, and Music Appreciation at Monmouth University in West Long Branch, New Jersey. He has also taught several related courses at Middlesex College and Rutgers University. In addition, he is the owner and director of Sweet Music Academy, where he and his fantastic staff of highly trained instructors have taught well over 3,500 students through his efforts. Along with teaching, Jay Sweet is an active performer who has performed and recorded with several noted artists. Most recently, he has worked as a contributing editor of Jersey Jazz Magazine and author of the books A History of American Music: An Origin Story 1750-1950 and The Music of 1964: The 50 Most Impactful Albums.
Jay Sweet holds degrees from Berklee College of Music (B.M.) and Rutgers University (M.M.). He is also the host of the popular podcasts 30 Albums For 30 Years (1964-1994) and The Jazz Real Book.
From 1975 to 1979, Ray Brown demonstrated remarkable versatility through prolific sideman sessions, often with past collaborators such as Ella Fitzgerald, Sarah Vaughan, and Dizzy Gillespie. Notable live performances at festivals like Concord and Montreux showcased his dynamic playing, emphasizing his enduring impact on jazz.
Chapter 24
musician, educator and writer
Jay Sweet is a professional jazz bassist, educator, writer, and researcher. Currently, he teaches bass instruction and courses in Jazz History, American Music History, and Music Appreciation at Monmouth University in West Long Branch, New Jersey. He has also taught several related courses at Middlesex College and Rutgers University. In addition, he is the owner and director of Sweet Music Academy, where he and his fantastic staff of highly trained instructors have taught well over 3,500 students through his efforts. Along with teaching, Jay Sweet is an active performer who has performed and recorded with several noted artists. Most recently, he has worked as a contributing editor of Jersey Jazz Magazine and author of the books A History of American Music: An Origin Story 1750-1950 and The Music of 1964: The 50 Most Impactful Albums.
Jay Sweet holds degrees from Berklee College of Music (B.M.) and Rutgers University (M.M.). He is also the host of the popular podcasts 30 Albums For 30 Years (1964-1994) and The Jazz Real Book.
From 1975 to 1979, Ray Brown stepped into a more prominent role as a leader or co-leader in various albums, setting the stage for the formation of his acclaimed Ray Brown Trio. Notable releases during this time include collaborations with Milt Jackson, Joe Pass, Joe Sample, and Shelly Manne. Solo releases include Brown’s Bag, The Ray Brown Sextet on Hot Tracks, Something For Lester, and the co-led project Quadrant with Joe Pass and Milt Jackson, which showcased his versatility.
Chapter 25
musician, educator and writer
Jay Sweet is a professional jazz bassist, educator, writer, and researcher. Currently, he teaches bass instruction and courses in Jazz History, American Music History, and Music Appreciation at Monmouth University in West Long Branch, New Jersey. He has also taught several related courses at Middlesex College and Rutgers University. In addition, he is the owner and director of Sweet Music Academy, where he and his fantastic staff of highly trained instructors have taught well over 3,500 students through his efforts. Along with teaching, Jay Sweet is an active performer who has performed and recorded with several noted artists. Most recently, he has worked as a contributing editor of Jersey Jazz Magazine and author of the books A History of American Music: An Origin Story 1750-1950 and The Music of 1964: The 50 Most Impactful Albums.
Jay Sweet holds degrees from Berklee College of Music (B.M.) and Rutgers University (M.M.). He is also the host of the popular podcasts 30 Albums For 30 Years (1964-1994) and The Jazz Real Book.
In the early 1980s, Ray Brown experienced a resurgence in acoustic jazz. Brown collaborated with Milt Jackson, producing albums like Bag’s Bag and Big Mouth. The Ray Brown trio gained prominence, yet his impactful sideman contributions with Dizzy Gillespie and others shouldn’t be overlooked. His versatility shone in diverse projects, including collaborating with pianist Monty Alexander in Triple Treat. Brown’s enduring influence on jazz during this era remains a testament to his mastery.
Chapter 26
musician, educator and writer
Jay Sweet is a professional jazz bassist, educator, writer, and researcher. Currently, he teaches bass instruction and courses in Jazz History, American Music History, and Music Appreciation at Monmouth University in West Long Branch, New Jersey. He has also taught several related courses at Middlesex College and Rutgers University. In addition, he is the owner and director of Sweet Music Academy, where he and his fantastic staff of highly trained instructors have taught well over 3,500 students through his efforts. Along with teaching, Jay Sweet is an active performer who has performed and recorded with several noted artists. Most recently, he has worked as a contributing editor of Jersey Jazz Magazine and author of the books A History of American Music: An Origin Story 1750-1950 and The Music of 1964: The 50 Most Impactful Albums.
Jay Sweet holds degrees from Berklee College of Music (B.M.) and Rutgers University (M.M.). He is also the host of the popular podcasts 30 Albums For 30 Years (1964-1994) and The Jazz Real Book.
Ray Brown transitioned into a leadership role, forming his trio to explore and showcase his preferred jazz styles—swing, bebop, blues, and funk. Collaborating with pianist Gene Harris and drummer Jeff Hamilton, the trio produced notable albums like Soular Energy and Bam, Bam, Bam. Their classic lineup demonstrated exceptional small-group interplay, highlighted in live recordings such as Summerwind and Georgia on My Mind. Brown’s leadership extended beyond the trio, contributing to various projects, including collaborations with Gene Harris and participation in big band ventures. The era concluded with the release of 3 Dimensional before Harris’s departure in 1991.
Chapter 27
musician, educator and writer
Jay Sweet is a professional jazz bassist, educator, writer, and researcher. Currently, he teaches bass instruction and courses in Jazz History, American Music History, and Music Appreciation at Monmouth University in West Long Branch, New Jersey. He has also taught several related courses at Middlesex College and Rutgers University. In addition, he is the owner and director of Sweet Music Academy, where he and his fantastic staff of highly trained instructors have taught well over 3,500 students through his efforts. Along with teaching, Jay Sweet is an active performer who has performed and recorded with several noted artists. Most recently, he has worked as a contributing editor of Jersey Jazz Magazine and author of the books A History of American Music: An Origin Story 1750-1950 and The Music of 1964: The 50 Most Impactful Albums.
Jay Sweet holds degrees from Berklee College of Music (B.M.) and Rutgers University (M.M.). He is also the host of the popular podcasts 30 Albums For 30 Years (1964-1994) and The Jazz Real Book.
In the late 1980s, Ray Brown engaged in notable sideman ventures while prioritizing his trio. He collaborated with Ernestine Anderson, Phineas Newborn Jr., George Shearing, James Williams, André Previn, and James Morrison during the period. A key association with Telarc Records began in 1988.
Chapter 28
Sessions (1990-1994) [+–]
musician, educator and writer
Jay Sweet is a professional jazz bassist, educator, writer, and researcher. Currently, he teaches bass instruction and courses in Jazz History, American Music History, and Music Appreciation at Monmouth University in West Long Branch, New Jersey. He has also taught several related courses at Middlesex College and Rutgers University. In addition, he is the owner and director of Sweet Music Academy, where he and his fantastic staff of highly trained instructors have taught well over 3,500 students through his efforts. Along with teaching, Jay Sweet is an active performer who has performed and recorded with several noted artists. Most recently, he has worked as a contributing editor of Jersey Jazz Magazine and author of the books A History of American Music: An Origin Story 1750-1950 and The Music of 1964: The 50 Most Impactful Albums.
Jay Sweet holds degrees from Berklee College of Music (B.M.) and Rutgers University (M.M.). He is also the host of the popular podcasts 30 Albums For 30 Years (1964-1994) and The Jazz Real Book.
Entering his 65th year, Ray Brown continued his influential career. Embracing his role as an elder statesman, he remained a pivotal figure in jazz, collaborating with legends. Key highlights include reuniting with Oscar Peterson for Tokyo and Blue Note performances and contributing to projects by André Previn, Benny Carter, Clark Terry, Herb Ellis, Itzhak Perlman, and others. Brown also ventured into symphonic jazz with Lalo Schifrin.
Chapter 29
musician, educator and writer
Jay Sweet is a professional jazz bassist, educator, writer, and researcher. Currently, he teaches bass instruction and courses in Jazz History, American Music History, and Music Appreciation at Monmouth University in West Long Branch, New Jersey. He has also taught several related courses at Middlesex College and Rutgers University. In addition, he is the owner and director of Sweet Music Academy, where he and his fantastic staff of highly trained instructors have taught well over 3,500 students through his efforts. Along with teaching, Jay Sweet is an active performer who has performed and recorded with several noted artists. Most recently, he has worked as a contributing editor of Jersey Jazz Magazine and author of the books A History of American Music: An Origin Story 1750-1950 and The Music of 1964: The 50 Most Impactful Albums.
Jay Sweet holds degrees from Berklee College of Music (B.M.) and Rutgers University (M.M.). He is also the host of the popular podcasts 30 Albums For 30 Years (1964-1994) and The Jazz Real Book.
The chapter details the evolution of the Ray Brown Trio from 1991 to 2002. It highlights Benny Green’s entry as a pianist, his mentorship by Brown, and the trio’s transformation. Green’s departure led to Geoff Keezer joining, succeeded by Larry Fuller. The text also covers the transition from Jeff Hamilton to Gregory Hutchinson on drums. The trio’s recordings showcase their dynamic performances, including notable albums like Bassface, Don’t Get Sassy, and Seven Steps To Heaven. The trio’s collaborative spirit and adaptability underpin Ray Brown’s commitment to nurturing young jazz talent.
Chapter 30
musician, educator and writer
Jay Sweet is a professional jazz bassist, educator, writer, and researcher. Currently, he teaches bass instruction and courses in Jazz History, American Music History, and Music Appreciation at Monmouth University in West Long Branch, New Jersey. He has also taught several related courses at Middlesex College and Rutgers University. In addition, he is the owner and director of Sweet Music Academy, where he and his fantastic staff of highly trained instructors have taught well over 3,500 students through his efforts. Along with teaching, Jay Sweet is an active performer who has performed and recorded with several noted artists. Most recently, he has worked as a contributing editor of Jersey Jazz Magazine and author of the books A History of American Music: An Origin Story 1750-1950 and The Music of 1964: The 50 Most Impactful Albums.
Jay Sweet holds degrees from Berklee College of Music (B.M.) and Rutgers University (M.M.). He is also the host of the popular podcasts 30 Albums For 30 Years (1964-1994) and The Jazz Real Book.
Chapter 30 details Ray Brown’s exploration of musical collaborations and his “Some of My Best Friends Are…” album series. The chapter covers the albums featuring piano players, saxophonists, singers, trumpeters, and guitarists. Brown’s ability to mentor and introduce new talents, like Dianna Krall, Geoff Keezer and Kevin Mahogany, is highlighted. The chapter also outlines his sideman sessions with artists like André Previn, Frank Morgan, and Dr. John.
Chapter 31
musician, educator and writer
Jay Sweet is a professional jazz bassist, educator, writer, and researcher. Currently, he teaches bass instruction and courses in Jazz History, American Music History, and Music Appreciation at Monmouth University in West Long Branch, New Jersey. He has also taught several related courses at Middlesex College and Rutgers University. In addition, he is the owner and director of Sweet Music Academy, where he and his fantastic staff of highly trained instructors have taught well over 3,500 students through his efforts. Along with teaching, Jay Sweet is an active performer who has performed and recorded with several noted artists. Most recently, he has worked as a contributing editor of Jersey Jazz Magazine and author of the books A History of American Music: An Origin Story 1750-1950 and The Music of 1964: The 50 Most Impactful Albums.
Jay Sweet holds degrees from Berklee College of Music (B.M.) and Rutgers University (M.M.). He is also the host of the popular podcasts 30 Albums For 30 Years (1964-1994) and The Jazz Real Book.
Chapter 31 explores Ray Brown’s groundbreaking collaborations with bassists like Niels Pedersen, Arni Egilsson, and Pierre Boussaguet. The 1985 album Basses Loaded with Egilsson showcases the bass as a solo instrument, paving the way for subsequent projects. The narrative highlights his association with John Clayton and Christian McBride, which led to the influential “Super Bass” series. Brown’s teachings on bass fundamentals and sound quality are emphasized. The chapter concludes by celebrating Brown’s enduring impact and commitment to showcasing the diverse possibilities of the bass.
Chapter 32
musician, educator and writer
Jay Sweet is a professional jazz bassist, educator, writer, and researcher. Currently, he teaches bass instruction and courses in Jazz History, American Music History, and Music Appreciation at Monmouth University in West Long Branch, New Jersey. He has also taught several related courses at Middlesex College and Rutgers University. In addition, he is the owner and director of Sweet Music Academy, where he and his fantastic staff of highly trained instructors have taught well over 3,500 students through his efforts. Along with teaching, Jay Sweet is an active performer who has performed and recorded with several noted artists. Most recently, he has worked as a contributing editor of Jersey Jazz Magazine and author of the books A History of American Music: An Origin Story 1750-1950 and The Music of 1964: The 50 Most Impactful Albums.
Jay Sweet holds degrees from Berklee College of Music (B.M.) and Rutgers University (M.M.). He is also the host of the popular podcasts 30 Albums For 30 Years (1964-1994) and The Jazz Real Book.
“Coda: Remembering Ray Brown” encapsulates legendary bassist Ray Brown’s final year. Despite aging, Brown remained tirelessly devoted to music, rejecting retirement. After knee surgery in 2002, he quickly returned to performing, recording his final album in March and celebrating his 75th birthday on tour in October. Unexpectedly, on July 2, 2002, Brown passed away in his sleep. Interviews with peers like Dee Dee Bridgewater and Benny Green offer insights into his character. The chapter concludes by highlighting Brown’s enduring impact and the tributes paid to him, emphasizing his lasting contributions to jazz.
