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A Systemic History of the Middle Way

Its Biological, Psycho-developmental, and Cultural Conditions

Robert M. Ellis [+–]
Middle Way Society
Robert M. Ellis is author of a range of interdisciplinary books on Middle Way Philosophy, both within and beyond Buddhism. These have included The Buddha’s Middle Way: Experiential Judgement in His Life and Teaching (Equinox Publishing, 2019) and Archetypes in Religion and Beyond: A Practical Theory of Human Integration and Inspiration (Equinox Publishing, 2022). He is also founder of the Middle Way Society and of Tirylan House Retreat Centre in Wales.

Systemic history is an approach to explaining the past, that tries to maximize our understanding of context. Unlike most history, it does not do this by just narrating a chain of causal relationships for a given group through time. Instead, it shows how simpler systems become more complex over time through the interaction of reinforcing and balancing feedback loops. Systemic history offers the best way of understanding the processes that shape the Middle Way, because the Middle Way involves improving responses to complexity, rather than falling back on shortcut simplifications (absolutizations).

This book examines the history of the Middle Way in four inter-related ways: as the biological development of organisms in relation to reinforcing or balancing feedback loops, as the psychological development of individual humans during a lifetime, as a succession of reinforcing and balancing feedback tendencies in human culture through history, and as a successive development of integrative practice. This shows how the Middle Way is a path distinctive to the human response to complexity, but nevertheless one rooted in the wider processes of all life. In the process it provides a detailed exploration of the relationship between the Middle Way and systems theory, biology, developmental psychology, and world history.

Series: Middle Way Philosophy

Table of Contents

Prelims

List of Diagrams and Tables vii
Robert M. Ellis
Middle Way Society
Robert M. Ellis is author of a range of interdisciplinary books on Middle Way Philosophy, both within and beyond Buddhism. These have included The Buddha’s Middle Way: Experiential Judgement in His Life and Teaching (Equinox Publishing, 2019) and Archetypes in Religion and Beyond: A Practical Theory of Human Integration and Inspiration (Equinox Publishing, 2022). He is also founder of the Middle Way Society and of Tirylan House Retreat Centre in Wales.
Foreword to the Middle Way Philosophy Series viii
Iain McGilchrist
All Soul’s College, Oxford
Dr Iain McGilchrist is the author of The Master and his Emissary, a fellow of All Soul’s College, Oxford and a former psychiatrist.
Preface and Acknowledgements ix-x
Robert M. Ellis
Middle Way Society
Robert M. Ellis is author of a range of interdisciplinary books on Middle Way Philosophy, both within and beyond Buddhism. These have included The Buddha’s Middle Way: Experiential Judgement in His Life and Teaching (Equinox Publishing, 2019) and Archetypes in Religion and Beyond: A Practical Theory of Human Integration and Inspiration (Equinox Publishing, 2022). He is also founder of the Middle Way Society and of Tirylan House Retreat Centre in Wales.

Introduction

Introduction 1-9
Robert M. Ellis
Middle Way Society
Robert M. Ellis is author of a range of interdisciplinary books on Middle Way Philosophy, both within and beyond Buddhism. These have included The Buddha’s Middle Way: Experiential Judgement in His Life and Teaching (Equinox Publishing, 2019) and Archetypes in Religion and Beyond: A Practical Theory of Human Integration and Inspiration (Equinox Publishing, 2022). He is also founder of the Middle Way Society and of Tirylan House Retreat Centre in Wales.

Chapter 1

Conflict and Integration in Organic Systems [+–] 10-71
Robert M. Ellis
Middle Way Society
Robert M. Ellis is author of a range of interdisciplinary books on Middle Way Philosophy, both within and beyond Buddhism. These have included The Buddha’s Middle Way: Experiential Judgement in His Life and Teaching (Equinox Publishing, 2019) and Archetypes in Religion and Beyond: A Practical Theory of Human Integration and Inspiration (Equinox Publishing, 2022). He is also founder of the Middle Way Society and of Tirylan House Retreat Centre in Wales.
The first, biological, section of this book traces the basic conditions for the Middle Way in the reinforcing feedback loops that make living organisms continue, together with the balancing feedback loops that help them adapt to their environment. One can find the roots of these two kinds of feedback loops in organisms from the very beginning of life (and perhaps even before it in some respects). As we follow the development of increasing complexity up the tree of life, however, those feedback loops are constantly echoed. The more organisms turn to reinforcing feedback loops to try to sustain themselves, the more they run into conflicts with their environment, which in more complex organisms also become reflected in internal conflicts. To deal with those conflicts, they develop balancing feedback loops, only for more conflicts to arise as conditions change or competition moves in. In more complex organisms, these two types of feedback loops become the dominant functions of the two hemispheres of the brain – the left reinforcing and the right adaptive. This enables the same feedback patterns to recur in human psychology, history, and culture.

Chapter 2

Stages of Psychological Development [+–] 72-117
Robert M. Ellis
Middle Way Society
Robert M. Ellis is author of a range of interdisciplinary books on Middle Way Philosophy, both within and beyond Buddhism. These have included The Buddha’s Middle Way: Experiential Judgement in His Life and Teaching (Equinox Publishing, 2019) and Archetypes in Religion and Beyond: A Practical Theory of Human Integration and Inspiration (Equinox Publishing, 2022). He is also founder of the Middle Way Society and of Tirylan House Retreat Centre in Wales.
My second, psychological, section follows the continuing impact of reinforcing and balancing feedback loops in the development of each individual human being in response to their culture and environment. The history in this section is thus once more a cyclic history, replayed as each of us grows. The reinforcing feedback process tends to make our development reach a series of plateaus as we reach a mode of thinking and behaving that works sufficiently well, given our bodily development and situation, for the moment. However, these temporary points of stability are disrupted by new conditions that begin to make our old mode frustrating, and trigger adaptive balancing loops. After a period of transition, these balancing loops then settle back into a new phase of relative stability. This punctuated equilibrium in human psychological development was first tracked by Piaget, and has more recently been pursued into adult development by Robert Kegan.

Chapter 3

Provisionality and Absolutization in Human Culture [+–] 118-210
Robert M. Ellis
Middle Way Society
Robert M. Ellis is author of a range of interdisciplinary books on Middle Way Philosophy, both within and beyond Buddhism. These have included The Buddha’s Middle Way: Experiential Judgement in His Life and Teaching (Equinox Publishing, 2019) and Archetypes in Religion and Beyond: A Practical Theory of Human Integration and Inspiration (Equinox Publishing, 2022). He is also founder of the Middle Way Society and of Tirylan House Retreat Centre in Wales.
My third section, then, attempts to track this development of human cultural complexity. It does so by identifying a variety of sub-systems that have arisen at various points within human cultures, each of which has offered new complexity and new adaptive potential, but each of which was then followed by a rigidification process as increasingly absolute judgements were applied to it. When this rigidification (or reinforcing feedback loops) became too maladaptive in the face of new conditions, though, frustration has resulted, and new innovators have managed to gain support in adapting the culture with yet another complex sub-system. The pattern is then repeated. For instance, the development of religious archetypes early in human development offered important developmental potential by allowing us to maintain inspiration over time, thus fulfilling plans, being open to new ideas, identifying long-term threats, and feeding helpful relationships. However, this balancing feedback loop (as I tracked in my recent book Archetypes in Religion and Beyond) soon became rigidified by the projection of these archetypal symbols into objects of belief: archetypal gods who helped us recall more sustainable qualities of mind, for instance, became supernatural agencies who intervened to help us pass our exams.

Chapter 4

A History of Integrative Practices [+–] 211-292
Robert M. Ellis
Middle Way Society
Robert M. Ellis is author of a range of interdisciplinary books on Middle Way Philosophy, both within and beyond Buddhism. These have included The Buddha’s Middle Way: Experiential Judgement in His Life and Teaching (Equinox Publishing, 2019) and Archetypes in Religion and Beyond: A Practical Theory of Human Integration and Inspiration (Equinox Publishing, 2022). He is also founder of the Middle Way Society and of Tirylan House Retreat Centre in Wales.
The fourth section focuses on the history of the Middle Way as practice. Here we enter the ambiguous zone of human responsibility, no longer talking about feedback loops that occurred in cultures as a whole, but rather about the ways that some individuals or groups have to some extent recognized the drawbacks of reinforcing feedback loops, and tried to create the conditions for balancing ones instead. If my history in the third section is a rather depressing one of balancing processes constantly being appropriated by more absolutization, a focus on practice can offer more hope

Conclusion

Conclusion 293-295
Robert M. Ellis
Middle Way Society
Robert M. Ellis is author of a range of interdisciplinary books on Middle Way Philosophy, both within and beyond Buddhism. These have included The Buddha’s Middle Way: Experiential Judgement in His Life and Teaching (Equinox Publishing, 2019) and Archetypes in Religion and Beyond: A Practical Theory of Human Integration and Inspiration (Equinox Publishing, 2022). He is also founder of the Middle Way Society and of Tirylan House Retreat Centre in Wales.

End Matter

The Old and New Middle Way Philosophy Series 296-297
Robert M. Ellis
Middle Way Society
Robert M. Ellis is author of a range of interdisciplinary books on Middle Way Philosophy, both within and beyond Buddhism. These have included The Buddha’s Middle Way: Experiential Judgement in His Life and Teaching (Equinox Publishing, 2019) and Archetypes in Religion and Beyond: A Practical Theory of Human Integration and Inspiration (Equinox Publishing, 2022). He is also founder of the Middle Way Society and of Tirylan House Retreat Centre in Wales.
Bibliography 298-310
Robert M. Ellis
Middle Way Society
Robert M. Ellis is author of a range of interdisciplinary books on Middle Way Philosophy, both within and beyond Buddhism. These have included The Buddha’s Middle Way: Experiential Judgement in His Life and Teaching (Equinox Publishing, 2019) and Archetypes in Religion and Beyond: A Practical Theory of Human Integration and Inspiration (Equinox Publishing, 2022). He is also founder of the Middle Way Society and of Tirylan House Retreat Centre in Wales.
Index 311-337
Robert M. Ellis
Middle Way Society
Robert M. Ellis is author of a range of interdisciplinary books on Middle Way Philosophy, both within and beyond Buddhism. These have included The Buddha’s Middle Way: Experiential Judgement in His Life and Teaching (Equinox Publishing, 2019) and Archetypes in Religion and Beyond: A Practical Theory of Human Integration and Inspiration (Equinox Publishing, 2022). He is also founder of the Middle Way Society and of Tirylan House Retreat Centre in Wales.

ISBN-13 (Hardback)
9781800504486
Price (Hardback)
£75.00 / $100.00
ISBN-13 (Paperback)
9781800504493
Price (Paperback)
£24.95 / $32.00
ISBN (eBook)
9781800504509
Price (eBook)
Individual
£19.96 / $25.60
Institutional
£60.00 / $80.00
Publication
07/08/2024
Pages
348
Size
234 x 156mm
Readership
scholars and practitioners
Illustration
4 figures

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